A Systematic Review on Evaluating the Influence of Point-Of-Care Testing on Antibiotic Prescribing Practices in Acute Infections
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.55544/jrasb.5.2.2Keywords:
Point-of-care testing, Antibiotic stewardship, Acute respiratory infection, C-reactive protein, Rapid strep test and ProcalcitoninAbstract
Background: Point-of-care tests (POCTs) have been suggested as tools to inform antibiotic therapy in acute infections by differentiating bacterial from viral causes at the bedside. This review systematically evaluates the effect of POCTs on antibiotic prescribing practices across all age groups and healthcare settings, adhering to PRISMA guidelines.
Methodology: We systematically searched major databases (2015–2025) for studies evaluating POCTs—including CRP, Strep A rapid tests, viral assays, and procalcitonin—versus standard care, including delayed prescriptions, in acute infections. RCTs and relevant observational studies were included, with data synthesized qualitatively and via meta-analysis when appropriate. Risk of bias was assessed using Cochrane tools.
Results: Twenty-five studies (~30,000 patients) showed that CRP POCT reduced immediate antibiotic prescribing by ~13% (RR 0.79, NNT 8), and Strep A tests lowered antibiotic use for sore throat by ~38% (RR 0.62) without affecting recovery. Rapid influenza/viral tests had minimal impact (RR 0.99), while procalcitonin-guided care reduced antibiotic use and shortened courses safely. Clinical outcomes were similar across groups. POCTs improved diagnostic confidence and patient satisfaction, with modest added cost and consultation time. Economic analyses suggest CRP POCT is cost-effective, e.g., ~£120 per 1% reduction in antibiotic use for COPD exacerbations.
Conclusion: POCTs, notably CRP and Strep A tests, reduce unnecessary antibiotic use safely, while rapid viral tests have limited impact. Procalcitonin guidance also helps, especially in respiratory infections. Effective integration into practice requires clinician training, clear patient communication, and addressing implementation barriers.
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