Impact of BMI and Lifestyle on Early Knee Pain or Patellofemoral Syndrome in College Students

Abstract

Patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS) is a common musculoskeletal condition among young adults, characterized by anterior knee pain that worsens with activities such as stair climbing, squatting, or extended sitting. This study investigates the impact of body mass index (BMI) and lifestyle factors on the start of early knee pain among college students, a group that is especially vulnerable due to sedentary habits, inconsistent physical exercise, and stress-related behaviours. Evidence suggests that high BMI contributes to higher mechanical loading of the patellofemoral joint, decreased quadriceps strength, changed gait biomechanics, and early cartilage deterioration. Furthermore, extended sitting, poor posture, weak hip musculature, and insufficient flexibility worsen patellar maltracking and discomfort. Lifestyle factors such as inadequate food, insufficient sleep, and psychological stress exacerbate inflammation and slow tissue healing. Maintaining ideal body composition through balanced nutrition and regular low-impact exercise (such as cycling, walking, and resistance training) improves muscular endurance and knee stability. Physiotherapy interventions aimed at strengthening the hip and quadriceps, enhancing proprioception, and implementing ergonomic modifications have demonstrated significant pain alleviation and functional enhancement. Early screening for BMI and musculoskeletal health in college settings can help identify at-risk students and implement preventive measures. Overall, multifactorial methods that address mechanical, metabolic, and behavioural aspects are critical for preventing chronic knee problems and improving long-term musculoskeletal health in young people.